部署MySQL

LiAng2024年1月27日大约 6 分钟约 1240 字

MySQL

安装方式

yum安装

优点：操作简单易用。不用单独下载，服务器可以联网且yum源没有问题即可(可以选择国内的163/阿里源/中科大)

更换数据源

首先备份系统自带yum源配置文件：/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

添加配置源文件(163/阿里云/中科大)

=================== 163源文件三种添加方式
=========== 在线下载 ===========
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

=========== 浏览器复制链接下载 ===========
http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

=========== 创建CentOS-Base.repo文件 ===========
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

=================== aliyun源文件三种添加方式
=========== 在线下载 ===========
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo?spm=a2c6h.25603864.0.0.3d975969j43mlO

=========== 浏览器复制链接下载 ===========
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo?spm=a2c6h.25603864.0.0.3d975969j43mlO

=========== 创建CentOS-Base.repo文件 ===========
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

=================== 中科大源文件添加方式

=========== 创建CentOS-Base.repo文件 ===========
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
baseurl=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

以上均是CentOS7的yum源配置文件

清空yum缓存
```
yum clean all
```
生成yum缓存
```
yum makecache
```
更换成功

安装MySQL

查看是否安装MariaDB

rpm -qa | grep mariadb
rpm -qa | grep mariadb-server

## 安装则删除
yum -y remove mariadb-libs

下载yum包

## http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/

wget http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

wget http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-libs-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

wget http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-common-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

wget http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-client-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

wget http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装相关软件

yum -y install net-tools.x86_64 libaio.x86_64 perl.x86_64

安装MySQL服务器

## 在步骤2四个包下载路径内执行
yum -y install mysql-community-*

启动MySQL

systemctl start mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld

查询MySQL默认密码

grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log

修改MySQL密码

mysqladmin -uroot -p'默认密码' password '重置密码'

修改密码策略

设置弱密码时，MySQL报错，不允许设置弱密码，需要修改密码策略。

以默认密码登录MySQL

## 密码级别调整为0
set global validate_password_policy=0;
## 密码最少长度
set global validate_password_length=1;

重新执行修改密码命令，执行后，无视Waring即可。

[Waring]：使用命令行界面上使用密码不安全；Waring：密码将以明文发送到服务器，用SSL连接确保密码的安全

备份工具

xtrabackup

安装

wget https://repo.percona.com/yum/percona-release-latest.noarch.rpm

rpm -ivh percona-release-latest.noarch.rpm

yum -y install percona-xtrabackup-24.x86_64

xtrabackup	MySQL
2.0	5.1
2.2	5.6
2.4	5.7